Schizophrenia is a complex mental health condition, and its exact causes are not fully understood.

However, several factors can contribute to its development. Here are five potential causes: 

1. Genetics 

Family history and genetic factors passed down from generations can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. If a close relative, such as a parent or sibling, lives with schizophrenia, the likelihood of developing it is higher. 

2. Environment 

Environmental influences, such as stressful life events or exposure to certain factors during pregnancy, may play a role in the development of schizophrenia. This can include prenatal exposure to infections, malnutrition, or toxins. 

3. Brain damage 

While a traumatic brain injury does not directly lead to someone experiencing schizophrenia, it can increase a person’s risk. However, brain damage that has stopped your brain from growing at a normal rate either during birth or when your mother was pregnant, can be a cause of developing schizophrenia. 

4. Drugs and alcohol 

Research shows that the use of psychoactive or recreational drugs, like cannabis, LSD and amphetamines, especially during adolescence and young adulthood, can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia.  

5. Psychosocial factors 

Childhood trauma, abuse, or neglect, can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Social isolation, poor family relationships, and high levels of stress can also be factors.  

Please note that these factors do not guarantee the development of schizophrenia but may increase the risk. If you are concerned about your mental health, you can visit your GP or a mental healthcare professional.  

To learn more about schizophrenia, including symptoms, causes and treatment, read our schizophrenia advice page.