ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural syndrome that can affect children, young people and adults. The condition has symptoms of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. ADHD is thought to affect 3-9% of school aged children and young people in the UK and about 2% of adults worldwide.

Only health care professionals can diagnose ADHD. However, it is possible that a child psychologist or psychiatrist, paediatrician, social worker, educational psychologist or GP will be involved in this process.

Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD are:

Inattention
People with inattention problems may not be able to concentrate for long periods and may also be easily distracted
Hyperactivity
People who are hyperactive may fidget and find it difficult to sit still. They may seem very restless (which children may show by running around a lot of the time).
Impulsivity
People with impulsivity problems may interrupt other people, and find it hard to wait their turn. They may also speak without thinking through the consequences (e.g. make inappropriate comments).

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Symptoms of ADHD are present throughout the general population and can very in severity. However, only people who have a significant psychological, educational, occupational (work-related) or social impairment meet the diagnostic criteria for an ADHD diagnosis.

Also, symptoms of ADHD can overlap with symptoms of other disorders.

ADHD has multiple causes. It is not caused by bad parenting. The evidence suggests that the causes are genetic and neurobiological (physical make up of the brain). Whilst some environmental factors will influence the way in which the disorder develops, they should not be thought of as causing ADHD.

How is ADHD treated?

Most experts agree that the most effective way to treat ADHD is with a variety of different approaches.

Behavioural Therapies

NICE guidelines recommend that children or young people with moderate ADHD could be referred to group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) or social skills training.

Medication

Medication should be offered to children and young people with severe ADHD. If medication is given to either children, young people or adults for ADHD, this should always be part of a comprehensive treatment plan, including psychological and behavioural help.