What is substance misuse?

It’s quite common for people to use legal drugs like caffeine, nicotine or alcohol without much thought.

Use of such substances is generally seen to be socially acceptable and in some circumstances encouraged. The use of alcohol and/or drugs is usually considered ‘substance misuse’ when it starts to have a negative impact on a person’s functioning.  

Substance misuse is defined as intoxication by, or regular excessive consumption of and/or dependence on substances that have an effect on the brain, which leads to social, psychological, physical or legal problems.  The most commonly misused drug is alcohol.

 How do drugs affect people?

Substances can be divided into broad groups with a range of effects :

• Stimulants (uppers)

Stimulate and speed up the central nervous system and cause people to feel more alert and awake. Stimulants include cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy.

• Depressants (downers)

Slow the central nervous system.  They might make someone sleepy, reduce heart rate, and reduce pain.  Depressants include alcohol and cannabis. Cannabis can also cause hallucinations.

• Sedative-Hypnotics (anti-anxiety drugs)

Are available medically on prescription but can be abused by people for their relaxing and calming effect.  Addiction, withdrawal and overdose can occur. Sedative hypnotics include benzodiazepines like diazepam (valium) and temazepam.

• Opiates and opioids

Can cause euphoria and provide relief from pain. There is high risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms.  Opiates include heroin and morphine.

• Volatile Substances

Can act as stimulants, but they are generally depressants.
They include solvents like glue, aerosols and lighter gas fuel.

• Hallucinogens

Can cause intensified sensations, paranoia, delusions, hallucinations and impaired judgement and reasoning. They include ecstasy and LSD.

The dangers of substance misuse

Generally speaking, drug misuse can be detrimental to people for three main reasons:

• Someone could become addicted

• The drug could cause someone physical or psychological harm

• Drug misuse can have a negative impact on someone’s quality of life